Prithvi Narayan Shah

Prithvi Narayan Shah 

King of Nepal (1723 - 1775 A.D.)

• Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Nepal (1723 - 1775 A.D.) was the most capable and farsighted King Nepal ever had.
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• He was the ninth generation descendant of Dravya Shah(1559 - 1570 A.D.), the founder of the ruling house of Gorkha.
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• He was born from immature pregnancy by Kaushalyawati Shah.
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• After the death of his father in 1743, Prithivi Narayan Shah ascended to the throne of Gorkha at the age of 20.. An ambitious ruler, he was able to quickly enlarge his territory by conquering the quarrelsome and disunited principalities around Gurkha.
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• Walking around Gorkha and talking to people about the general concern of the palace was his likeness and this helped him to understand the needs of the citizens of Gorkha.
• King Prithvi Narayan Shah's reign began with an immediate military defeat; his invasion of Nuwakot in 1743 CE failed.
• He conquered the three Malla kingdoms of Kāthmāndu, Pātan, and Bhādgaon in 1769 and consolidated them to found the modern state of Nepal. He also established the capital of Nepal at Kāthmāndu.
• Nepal at PN shah ruling time extended from the Punjab to Sikkim and was almost twice as large in land area as it is today.
• Prithvi Nārāyaṇ sealed his border and maintained peaceful but distant relations with the British, refusing to trade with them. He died before he could effectively organize the administration of his new country. Upon his death, Prithvi Nārāyaṇ was succeeded by 
  his son, Pratāp Singh Shah.
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  Major Works and Events

•   Conquered several states and united them into a mighty Gorkha Kingdom and finally known as Nepal.
• Established a sound administration with a stable economic base and laid the foundation of an  independent country.
•  Gained victory over British and Muslim forces.
•  The nine-storey Basantapur Durbar, the seven storey Durbar, the Ranga Mahal and Tilanga House of Nuwakot were built.

  Divya Upadesh

• In addition to the unification of Nepal, King Prithivi Narayan Shah laid out his ideas for the guiding principles of governance, nationalism and foreign policy in his Divya Upadesh. In the Divya Upadesh, he laid out nine principles, many of which are unknown or obscure. Four of the nine are listed here:
• 1. "Nepal is a small yam between two stones." This indicates Nepal's location between the large powers of China and India.
• 2. "Both the people, who take and who give bribe, are enemies of the nation. There will be no sin in executing them."
• 3. "Nepal is a garden of four castes (consisting of Kshatriya, Brahman, Vaishya and Shudras) and thirty-six sub-castes."
• 4. "Even if there is settlement in places with mines/quarries, relocate the settlement and operate the mine."
• He also wished his successors to be friendly with the Chinese, and way of the English.
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